Blogs

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AWARENESS MONTH

Esophageal cancer can be sneaky, but a new hero is on the scene: Artificial Intelligence (AI)! It's like giving doctors super-vision to spot cancer early. Here's the breakdown in easy points:

How AI is Becoming a Game-Changer:

Deep Learning & Super Brains (CNNs): Think of AI as having super smart brains (called Convolutional Neural Networks). They learn by looking at tons of pictures of healthy and unhealthy esophaguses. This helps them find tiny, early cancer signs that humans might miss. Studies show they're right over 90% of the time!

Real-Time Spotting (YOLOv5 & RetinaNet): Imagine a real-time red flag system during endoscopy (when doctors look inside with a camera). AI models like YOLOv5 and RetinaNet act like this, instantly highlighting suspicious areas. They're super precise, with accuracy up to 98.4% in some tests!

Combining Different Views (Multimodal Imaging): It's like having two sets of eyes! AI gets even better by looking at different types of endoscopic images (like regular view and a special view called NBI). This helps it see the full picture and spot cancer more accurately.

Learning from the Past (Transfer Learning & Machine Learning): AI doesn't start from scratch. It learns from other medical images and even patient info (like their history and genes) to become an even better cancer detective.

Watching Live (Real-Time Video Analysis): Forget just still pictures! AI can watch the live video feed during endoscopy and point out problems as they appear. This helps doctors catch things they might miss, especially in fast-moving or tricky situations.   

AI's Superpowers in Action:

Super-Powered Endoscopy:

AI can find early cancer with over 90% accuracy, sometimes even better than experienced doctors!   

It can use special "light vision" (Hyperspectral Imaging) to see cancer that normal cameras can't easily pick up, improving accuracy by 8%!

AI acts like a real-time assistant during endoscopy, flagging anything suspicious.   

Smart Diagnosis:

AI can look at tissue samples (biopsies) and spot early signs of cancer (dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus) with almost 96% accuracy!

It can combine different types of information (images, patient history, etc.) to predict how the cancer might behave.
 

AI vs. Human Eyes:

Studies show AI can be more sensitive than human doctors in finding early esophageal cancer. In one study, AI found ALL the cancers in videos, while doctors missed some!

AI helps less experienced doctors become much better at spotting cancer.

Cool New Tech:

AI is teaming up with tiny microscopes inside the body (like CLE and VLE) to see cancer at a cell level!

AI can even look at regular CT scans (not just endoscopy) and find signs of esophageal cancer by analyzing the shape of the esophagus.   

How AI "Sees" Cancer:

AI doesn't just look at the screen; it analyzes:
 

Weird Spots (Lesion Detection): It's trained to find any unusual bumps or marks.

Blood Vessel Patterns (Vascular Pattern Recognition): Cancer changes the tiny blood vessels, and AI can spot these changes, especially with special imaging.
 

Texture and Color Changes (Texture and Color Analysis): Cancer can make the tissue look and feel different, and AI can pick up on these subtle changes.
 

The Whole Picture (Integration of Multimodal Data): AI is smart enough to combine images with other patient info to make a better diagnosis.   

Cellular Level Details (High-Resolution Microendoscopy): With special microscopes, AI can even look at the individual cells to see if they look cancerous.

AI: Super Accurate in Telling Good from Bad:

AI is incredibly good at telling the difference between early (superficial) and advanced esophageal cancer, with accuracy rates around 98%! This is super important because it helps doctors choose the right treatment early on.
 

One pivotal study highlighted an overall accuracy of 98% in differentiating superficial from advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by leveraging deep learning models applied to both still endoscopic images and dynamic video footage. This ability to analyze temporal information within videos provides an added layer of diagnostic insight.   

Furthermore, in video-based validation studies, AI has achieved a sensitivity of 85% and an overall accuracy ranging from 85% to an astounding 98%, depending on the specific dataset and imaging modality employed. These figures not only demonstrate the AI's high level of performance but also underscore its potential to significantly outperform human endoscopists, particularly in high-speed or otherwise challenging endoscopic scenarios.

Numerous additional studies have echoed these findings, with AI consistently demonstrating sensitivity rates exceeding the critical 90% threshold. Diagnostic accuracy in internal validation datasets has reached an impressive 91.75%, and crucially, this high level of performance has been maintained in external validation datasets, indicating the robustness and generalizability of these AI-powered systems.

In conclusion, the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that AI systems are exceptionally effective in accurately distinguishing between superficial and advanced esophageal cancer, with accuracy rates generally clustering around the remarkable 98% mark. This makes AI an invaluable tool for enabling earlier and more precise diagnosis, ultimately paving the way for more timely and effective interventions, and offering a brighter prognosis for patients facing this challenging disease. The future of esophageal cancer detection is undeniably intertwined with the continued advancement and integration of artificial intelligence into clinical practice.

DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care

The human gut is home to trillions of bacteria, collectively known as the gut microbiome. Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune function, inflammation, and even cancer progression. Could there be a link between gut health and multiple myeloma? Let’s explore how your microbiome might impact your cancer journey.

Understanding Multiple Myeloma

What is multiple myeloma?

• A type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. 
• Leads to weakened immunity, bone damage, and kidney issues.

The role of the immune system in myeloma

A dysregulated immune system contributes to both the development and progression of the disease.

The Gut Microbiome & Its Role in Immunity
 

• The gut microbiome influences immune response, inflammation, and metabolism.
• Studies show that an imbalanced microbiome (dysbiosis) can contribute to chronic inflammation, potentially fueling cancer growth.
• A healthy microbiome strengthens the gut-bone marrow axis, supporting immune function against myeloma cells.

How Gut Health Affects Myeloma Progression & Treatment Response

Inflammation & Tumor Growth

• Harmful gut bacteria can trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines, worsening myeloma progression.
• Chronic inflammation weakens the body’s ability to fight cancer.

Impact on Treatment Effectiveness

• Certain gut bacteria enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
• Antibiotic overuse may negatively impact gut flora, potentially reducing treatment success.
   

Nutrient Absorption & Metabolism

• A damaged microbiome affects nutrient absorption, impacting overall energy levels and recovery.
• Good gut bacteria help metabolize polyphenols (found in fruits and vegetables), which have anti-cancer properties.

Can You Improve Your Microbiome to Support Myeloma Treatment?

Dietary Changes:

• Increase fiber-rich foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) to feed beneficial bacteria.
• Include probiotics (yogurt, kefir, fermented foods) to restore gut flora.
• Reduce processed foods and refined sugar, which promote harmful bacteria.

Prebiotics & Supplements:

• Prebiotic-rich foods (garlic, onions, bananas) help good bacteria thrive.
• Consider curcumin, omega-3s, and vitamin D for their anti-inflammatory effects.

Exercise & Stress Management:

• Regular movement boosts gut diversity and reduces inflammation.
• Mindfulness, meditation, and adequate sleep support gut health.

Conclusion:

Dr. M.G. Giriyappagoudar, a senior radiation oncologist from North Karnataka and head of TumorBoard.Care, emphasizes that gut health could play a crucial role in managing multiple myeloma. While more research is needed, nurturing a balanced microbiome through diet and lifestyle changes may enhance immune function, reduce inflammation, and potentially improve treatment response.

 DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care

Can Tuberculosis Lead to Cancer? The Alarming Possibility

Tuberculosis (TB), once a leading cause of death worldwide, is now treatable and preventable. However, emerging research suggests that even after successful treatment, a past TB infection might carry a long-term risk: an increased chance of developing certain cancers. This revelation raises an important question: is your past TB putting you at risk for future cancer?
 

How Your Tuberculosis Increases Cancer Risk

Chronic Inflammation:

TB causes chronic inflammation, which can lead to tissue damage and DNA mutations, increasing the risk of cancer. This is particularly evident in lung cancer, where chronic pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis play a significant role in carcinogenesis.

Weekend Immune System:

TB can suppress the immune system, making it harder for the body to detect and destroy precancerous cells. Additionally, people with a history of TB may have residual immune system dysfunction, increasing their vulnerability to cancer.This is especially true for hematological malignancies, where immune suppression is a common factor.

Genetic Damage:

The bacteria causing TB can induce cellular DNA damage by increasing exposure to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, further contributing to cancer risk.

Shared Risk Factors:

TB and certain cancers share common risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol use, which can independently increase cancer risk.

Which Cancers Are Linked to Past Tuberculosis?
 

Lung Cancer: TB is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, with studies indicating that individuals with a history of TB are 2-11 times more likely to develop lung cancer compared to those without TB. The chronic inflammation and tissue damage caused by TB can contribute to carcinogenesis in the lungs.

Hematological Cancers: Hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, have a higher incidence of TB due to compromised immune systems. These cancers also increase the risk of developing TB. The highest rates of active TB are observed in patients with hematological cancers.

Gynecological Cancers: TB has been associated with an increased risk of gynecological cancers, though the mechanisms are less clear compared to lung cancer.

Colorectal Cancer: There is evidence suggesting a higher incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals with TB, possibly due to shared risk factors like smoking and chronic inflammation.
 

Head and Neck Cancers: These cancers also have a higher incidence of TB, partly due to shared risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use.

Esophageal and Pancreatic Cancers: These cancers are noted for their association with future TB infections, indicating a complex interplay between cancer and TB. 
 

Shared Risk Factor Reduction

Smoking Cessation: Smoking is a significant risk factor for both TB and cancer. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of developing lung cancer and other malignancies.
 

Alcohol Reduction: Limiting alcohol consumption can also help mitigate shared risks for TB and cancer.
 

COPD Management: Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through lifestyle changes and medical interventions can reduce the risk of lung cancer in TB patients.
 

Preventive Measures for Cancer in Tuberculosis Patients

Monitoring Immune Status: Regularly assessing immune function in TB patients, especially those on immunosuppressive therapy, can help identify early signs of cancer or other infections.

Cancer Screening: Although there are no specific guidelines for cancer screening in TB populations, maintaining a high index of suspicion for cancer, particularly in the first year after TB diagnosis, is crucial. Early detection can improve cancer treatment outcomes.
 

Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity can support immune function and overall health, potentially reducing cancer risk. 
 

Conclusion:

Dr. M.G. Giriyappagoudar, a senior radiation oncologist of North Karnataka and head of TumorBoard.Care, highlights the alarming yet often overlooked link between tuberculosis and cancer. He stresses that chronic inflammation, immune suppression, and shared risk factors like smoking significantly increase the likelihood of malignancies, particularly lung and hematological cancers. He also emphasizes the critical need for TB survivors to stay proactive by adopting a healthy lifestyle, quitting smoking, and undergoing regular cancer screenings. Early detection remains key to improving survival rates.

 DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care

Kidney cancer begins in the cells of the kidney and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for about 90% of all kidney cancer cases. Other less common types include transitional cell carcinoma and Wilms tumor, which primarily affects children.

Kidney cancer exhibits several differences between men and women in terms of incidence, risk factors, and biological characteristics. Here are some key differences:

INCIDENCE OF KIDNEY CANCER

Higher Incidence in Men:
 

Men are twice as likely to develop kidney cancer compared to women. This disparity is partly attributed to lifestyle factors like higher rates of smoking and occupational exposure to toxins, as well as biological differences such as hormonal influences. Men also tend to present with larger tumors and more advanced disease at diagnosis, which may contribute to poorer outcomes.

Lower Incidence but Worse Prognosis in Women:

Although women have a lower incidence of kidney cancer, they often experience worse outcomes due to delayed diagnosis or more aggressive tumor biology at later stages34. Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or menopause may also play a role in tumor progression6.

KEY RISK FACTORS AND GENDER-SPECIFIC IMPACTS
 

1) Hormonal Differences:
 

Men: Higher levels of testosterone may contribute to faster kidney function decline and increased tumor growth. The lack of protective estrogen, which is higher in premenopausal women, may also increase men’s susceptibility to kidney cancer.
 

Women: Estrogen appears to have a protective effect against kidney cancer. However, after menopause, the risk increases due to declining estrogen levels. Pregnancy-related conditions like preeclampsia can also elevate the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is a precursor for kidney cancer.

2) Smoking:

Smoking is a major risk factor for kidney cancer in both genders but has a stronger association with men due to historically higher smoking rates among males. Women smokers may still face significant risks due to biological differences in how their bodies process carcinogens.
 

3) Obesity:

In men, obesity is linked to increased insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. In women, obesity-related hormonal imbalances (e.g., elevated estrogen) contribute more significantly.

4) Hypertension:
 

Men: Men with hypertension are more likely to develop aggressive forms of kidney cancer due to chronic renal damage caused by high blood pressure.
 

Women: Women with hypertension may experience delayed onset but are still at risk, especially if hypertension occurs during pregnancy (e.g., preeclampsia).

5) Occupational Exposures:

Men are more likely to work in industries with exposure to carcinogens like cadmium or asbestos, increasing their risk of kidney cancer.
 

TUMOR BIOLOGY AND GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES

Tumor Characteristics:

• Men tend to have larger tumors with higher grades and stages at the time of diagnosis compared to women.

• Women’s tumors often show distinct hormonal receptor expressions that could influence treatment responses.

Immune Response:

• Men often exhibit weaker immune responses against tumors.

• Women’s immune systems are generally more active but can sometimes lead to autoimmune complications during treatment.
   

HYPERTENSION AND KIDNEY CANCER RISK

Risk Increase:
 

Men: Studies show that men with hypertension have a higher risk of kidney cancer, with a relative risk (RR) of approximately 1.29 compared to those without hypertension.
 

Women: Women also experience an increased risk, but it is higher than in men, with an relative risk (RR) of about 1.63. This suggests that hypertension may have a more pronounced effect on kidney cancer risk in women.
 

Dose-Dependent Relationship:

Both men and women experience a dose-dependent increase in kidney cancer risk with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. For every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, there is a 5% higher risk of kidney cancer, and for diastolic blood pressure, a 7% higher risk. 
 

OUTCOMES AND SURVIVAL RATES

Men:

Men generally have worse survival rates due to more aggressive disease presentation and lifestyle factors like smoking and poor diet. They are also more likely to undergo dialysis or kidney transplants earlier than women if CKD progresses rapidly.

Women:
 

Women diagnosed at later stages face poorer outcomes despite having smaller tumors on average. This could be due to delays in diagnosis or differences in tumor biology that make treatment less effective in advanced cases.

PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN
 

For Men:

1) Quit smoking and limit exposure to occupational carcinogens.
 

2) Manage hypertension through regular check-ups and lifestyle changes.

3) Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.

For Women:

1) Treat urinary tract infections promptly to prevent long-term kidney damage.

2) Monitor blood pressure closely during pregnancy.
 

3) Post-menopausal women should discuss hormone replacement therapy (HRT) risks with their healthcare providers.

CONCLUSION: 

Kidney cancer affects men and women differently, yet both face significant risks that demand urgent attention. Dr. M.G. Giriyappagoudar, a senior radiation oncologist of North Karnataka and head of TumorBoard.Care emphasizes that men are more prone due to smoking, occupational exposures, and aggressive tumor growth, while women may experience delayed diagnosis and hormonal influences post-menopause. The differences in risk factors, tumor biology, and survival rates highlight the need for gender-specific prevention and early detection strategies. Quitting smoking, managing hypertension, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential for both men and women. Raising awareness, timely screenings, and proactive medical care can significantly reduce the burden of kidney cancer in both genders.

DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care
 

HOW OBESITY INCREASES CANCER RISK

1) Chronic Inflammation: Obesity leads to chronic inflammation, particularly due to visceral fat around vital organs. This inflammation can promote cancer development by damaging DNA and disrupting normal cell growth. The kynurenine pathway, activated by inflammation, affects metabolism and may contribute to carcinogenesis.

2) Hormonal Imbalance: Excess body fat can disrupt hormone levels, such as insulin and estrogen, which play roles in cell growth and division. Elevated insulin levels can stimulate tumor growth, while increased estrogen levels are linked to endometrial and breast cancers.

3) Immune System Alterations: Obesity can alter the immune environment within tumors, promoting the presence of immunosuppressive cells that help cancer grow and spread.

4) Increased Insulin Levels: Obesity often leads to insulin resistance, causing the body to produce more insulin. High insulin levels promote the growth of tumors, increasing the risk of cancers such as colorectal, pancreatic, and kidney cancer.

5) Altered Cell Growth Regulation: Fat cells influence proteins that control cell division and repair. When these processes are disrupted, it can lead to uncontrolled cell growth—a hallmark of cancer.

6) Gut Microbiome Disruption: Obesity can alter the gut microbiome, leading to harmful bacterial imbalances that may contribute to gastrointestinal cancers.

CANCERS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

1. Breast Cancer (Postmenopausal): Fat cells produce excess estrogen, which can fuel the growth of hormone-sensitive breast tumors.

Risk factor: Postmenopausal women with obesity have a 20-40% higher risk of developing breast cancer.

2. Colorectal Cancer: Obesity leads to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and altered gut bacteria, which promote cancer cell growth.

Risk factor: People with obesity are 30% more likely to develop colorectal cancer.

3. Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer: High estrogen levels from excess fat tissue stimulate the lining of the uterus, increasing cancer risk.

Risk factor: Women with obesity have a 2-4 times higher risk of endometrial cancer.

4. Kidney Cancer: Obesity contributes to high blood pressure and insulin resistance, both of which can lead to kidney cancer.

Risk factor: Obese individuals have a 2 times greater risk of kidney cancer.

5. Liver Cancer: Fat accumulation in the liver leads to chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease, which increase cancer risk.

Risk factor: Obesity-related liver diseases, like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), significantly raise the likelihood of liver cancer.

6. Pancreatic Cancer: Obesity leads to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, both of which can promote pancreatic tumor growth.

Risk factor: People with obesity have a 1.5 times higher risk of pancreatic cancer.

7. Esophageal Cancer: Obesity is a major cause of acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can damage the esophagus and lead to cancer.

Risk factor: Obesity-related esophageal adenocarcinoma is among the fastest-growing cancers.

8. Ovarian Cancer: Higher insulin and estrogen levels in obesity may stimulate ovarian cancer growth.

Risk factor: Women with obesity have up to a 30% higher risk of ovarian cancer.

9. Gallbladder Cancer: Obesity increases gallstone formation, which can lead to chronic inflammation and cancer development.

Risk factor: Obese individuals, especially women, have a higher risk of gallbladder cancer.

10. Multiple Myeloma: Obesity affects the immune system and increases inflammation, promoting the growth of cancerous plasma cells.

Risk factor: People with obesity have a higher incidence of multiple myeloma.

REDUCING CANCER RISK THROUGH WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Even 5-10% weight loss lowers cancer risk.

Adopt a Balanced Diet: Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit red/processed meat and increase fiber.

Stay Active: Do 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous exercise weekly to balance hormones and strengthen immunity.

Control Blood Sugar: Avoid sugary foods; opt for whole grains, legumes, and proteins.
 

Reduce Inflammation: Lose visceral fat, eat turmeric, green tea, and leafy greens.

Limit Alcohol & Smoking: Both increase cancer risk.
 

Prioritize Sleep & Manage Stress: Sleep 7-9 hours, practice meditation/yoga.

Regular Screenings: Check weight, sugar, cholesterol; screen for obesity-related cancers.

CONCLUSION: 

Dr. M.G. Giriyappagoudar a senior Hubballi based radiation oncologist with over 13 years of experience emphasizes that obesity is no longer just a lifestyle concern—it is a significant driver of cancer. With rising obesity rates, we are witnessing an alarming increase in obesity-related cancers, including breast, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. The link is undeniable: excess weight triggers chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic disruptions that fuel cancer growth."The harsh reality is that obesity is silently pushing more people toward cancer. But the good news? It is preventable, by making small but consistent lifestyle changes—losing even 5-10% of body weight, maintaining a healthy diet, staying active, and undergoing regular screenings—we can drastically reduce the risk. It’s time we take this issue seriously, not just for our weight, but for our long-term health and survival."

DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care

Colorectal cancer, encompassing both colon and rectal cancers, is a significant public health concern. As the third most common cancer worldwide, it accounts for approximately 10% of all cancer cases and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Despite its prevalence, many people remain unaware of the risks, symptoms, and the importance of early detection. This blog post delves into alarming statistics surrounding colorectal cancer and emphasizes the urgent need for increased awareness and research.

Cancer is a word that sends shivers down the spine, but some types remain lesser known despite their severity. Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) fall into this category. These malignancies often go undetected until they reach advanced stages, making them particularly dangerous.
 
Overall 5-Year Survival: The overall 5-year survival rate for gallbladder cancer is generally low, ranging from 5% to 20% depending on the stage and region.

Localized vs. Metastasized: For localized gallbladder cancer, the 5-year survival rate is significantly higher, around 66%. 

However, for metastasized cases, the survival rate drops to about 2%.

Stage-Specific Survival Rates: Survival rates vary significantly by stage:

Stage 0: Up to 60% survival rate.

Stage I: Approximately 50% survival rate.

Stage II: Around 28% survival rate.

Stage III and IV: Survival rates decrease to 8% or less.

Hence awareness becomes important in Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma as they are rare yet highly aggressive, often remaining undetected until advanced stages. Recognizing their risk factors, symptoms, and the need for early diagnosis can greatly enhance survival rates. Warning signs like jaundice, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss should never be overlooked.
 

What Are Gallbladder Cancer and Cholangiocarcinoma?

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid. Cholangiocarcinoma, on the other hand, affects the bile ducts, which carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Both cancers are relatively rare but highly aggressive.

Types of Cholangiocarcinoma:

1) Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - Found within the liver.

2) Perihilar (Hilar) Cholangiocarcinoma - Occurs at the junction of the left and right hepatic bile ducts.

3) Distal Cholangiocarcinoma - Forms closer to the small intestine.

Risk Factors:

1) Gallbladder Cancer: Chronic inflammation (gallstones, infections), obesity, female gender, and older age.

2) Cholangiocarcinoma: Liver flukes, chronic liver diseases, bile duct inflammation, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and exposure to certain toxins.

Symptoms to Watch For:

Gallbladder and bile duct cancers are known as silent killers because they often show symptoms only when the disease has advanced. Be mindful of:

1) Persistent abdominal pain (especially in the upper right quadrant)

2) Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

3) Unexplained weight loss

4) Loss of appetite

5) Dark urine and pale stools

6) Fatigue and general weakness

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Early detection is key but challenging. Diagnostic methods include imaging scans (Ultrasound, CT, MRI), biopsies, and blood tests for tumor markers like CA 19-9.

Treatment Approaches:

1) Surgery - The best chance for a cure if caught early.

2) Radiation Therapy - Helps shrink tumors and relieve symptoms.

3) Chemotherapy - Often used in advanced stages to prolong life.

4) Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy - Emerging options showing promise in clinical trials.

Preventive Measures and Awareness:

1) Healthy Diet & Lifestyle: Avoid processed foods, maintain a healthy weight, and exercise regularly.

2) Regular Health Screenings: Early detection significantly improves outcomes.

3) Vaccination: Hepatitis B vaccine reduces liver-related cancer risks.

4) Gallbladder Removal for Chronic Gallstones: If symptomatic, early removal may prevent malignancy.

5) Avoid Smoking & Limit Alcohol Consumption: Both increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancers.

Conclusion:

Dr. M.G. Giriyappagoudar, a senior radiation oncologist with over 13 years of experience treating cancer patients in Hubli, stresses that "Gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are extremely aggressive malignancies, often advancing silently and remaining undetected until later stages. Their rapid progression and late diagnosis make them particularly challenging to treat, highlighting the urgent need for awareness, early symptom recognition, and timely medical intervention. While treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy provide hope, early intervention remains the key. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist, and adopt a healthy lifestyle to lower their risk. With continuous research and medical advancements, we are optimistic about improving patient outcomes in the future."
 

DR. M G GIRIYAPPAGOUDAR

DMRT, MDRT (CMC Vellore, TN)

Consultant Radiation Oncologist, Hubli

www.drmggiriyappagoudar.in     www.tumorboard.care

CANCER. The very word can send shivers down your spine. We often think of cancer as something that happens to other people, a matter of bad luck or genetics. While genetics do play a role, many everyday habits significantly increase your risk. The scary part? You might not even realize you're doing them. Let's shed light on some of these silent dangers and empower you to make informed choices for a healthier future.